Weeks later, Senator Trumbull described the bill's intended scope: It is this: "Civil rights are those which have no relation to the establishment, support, or management of government."ĭuring the subsequent legislative process, the following key provision was deleted: "there shall be no discrimination in civil rights or immunities among the inhabitants of any State or Territory of the United States on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." John Bingham was an influential supporter of this deletion, on the ground that courts might construe the term "civil rights" more broadly than people like Wilson intended. The definition given to the term "civil rights" in Bouvier's Law Dictionary is very concise, and is supported by the best authority. Nor do they mean that all citizens shall sit on the juries, or that their children shall attend the same schools. Do they mean that all citizens shall vote in the several States? No for suffrage is a political right which has been left under the control of the several States, subject to the action of Congress only when it becomes necessary to enforce the guarantee of a republican form of government (protection against a monarchy).
It provides for the equality of citizens of the United States in the enjoyment of "civil rights and immunities." What do these terms mean? Do they mean that in all things civil, social, political, all citizens, without distinction of race or color, shall be equal? By no means can they be so construed. Wilson summarized what he considered to be the purpose of the act as follows, when he introduced the legislation in the House of Representatives: The author of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 was United States Senator Lyman Trumbull. The act had three primary objectives for the integration of African Americans into the American society following the Civil War: 1.) a definition of American citizenship 2.) the rights which come with this citizenship and 3.) the unlawfulness to deprive any person of citizenship rights "on the basis of race, color, or prior condition of slavery or involuntary servitude" The act accomplished these three primary objectives. Primary objectives, introduction and amendment
3 Enactment, constitutionalization, and reenactment.1 Primary objectives, introduction and amendment.
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